CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANGUAGE OF CHILDREN

A.    Observation

Observation which I conduct to hit the characteristics of the language of children is perception to my child. Her name is Iffa Parawisah Ibda. She was called by “Ica”. At age 2 year to 2.5 year Ica have a lot of obtaining and producing various phoneme which can differentiate the meaning of words that she said.  At age 2,3 year, the phonology ability of Ica only at vowel sound  like /r/, / p/, at word /mamma/ and /bapa/. These words were always said by Ica. These Words were said in some situation for example when she will eat, sleep and when she cry which is all  utterance was spontaneously said. Other dissimilar Vowel sound like /u/ and /l/ or sound of “lot” and /e/ sometime spontaneously, for example sound /ue/ what its meaning /kue/ = cake or /men/ in word /permen/ = candy. That way also sound /u/ at word /uyung/ its meaning is /Burung/ = bird, lot sound at word /odok/ = frog. Beside sounds above, at its growth, Ica often releases the other sound as additional production and acquirement from sound of previous words. Produce these sounds in following words: /r/: its onyet meaning is /monyet/ = monkey; /a/: its ambu meaning is /jambu/ = fruit; /i/: its isang meaning is /pisang/ = banana. its eyuk meaning is /jeruk/ = orange.

In the beginning of the word, consonant /k/ inaudible, but at middle of word also heard like at word /k/ (ciki= of a kind snack). Meanwhile consonant /p/ very often heard. For example at word “pait” ( bitter), consonant /i/ at word “tali” (string), consonant /b/ [at] word “beci” (iron), “beli” (buy), consonant /m/ at word “ayama” (chicken), “main” (play), consonant /n/ at word “tepon” (phone), “naik” (go up), consonant /b/ at word “ambing” (goat), “buyung” (bird), consonant /g/ at word “aget” (surprise), consonant /i/ at word “tuyis” ( write), consonant /I/ at word “bei” (buying), consonant /g/ at word “guya” (sugar), consonant /y/ most often saying for example: “ayam” (chicken), “guya” (sugar), “bayon” (balloon), ‘buyung (bird), but consonant /w/ wasn’t  heard. Others plosive often emerge was changed with the dissimilar consonant in its utterance. That was mentioned above for example consonant /i/ at word “tulis” changed with the consonant /y/ becoming “tuyis”. That way also consonant /b/ at word “bebek” changed with the consonant /p/ becoming “pepek”. Beside consonants above, at 2,5 years old or more Ica not yet can mention the consonant /r/, This look with the existence of the consonant commutation with the dissimilar consonant like at word “burung” changed with the”burung”, “aran” changed with the word “ayan”.

When Ica was be old more than 2,5 year, those words that always said are the words which almost can be told in context mean the sentence, and Ica have said the words more than one syllable. For example “atu lagi Mam”, “nasi Buyung”, “eyang Ikan upa-upa”, “Beli iki”, “Beli oklat”, “Beli bayon”, “satu lagi”, “makan nasi”, “burung elang” “ikan lumba-lumba”, “beli coklat”, “beli balon”, “Baju Bapa”, “idak mau”, “Ica kaget”. The utterances often were alternated by various monomorfemik like some word above. Beside the monomorfemik words, Ica also have able to say prefiks / “di”, for example “diambil abang kue Ica” (cake of Ica taken by elder brother), “dimakan ayam ma” (the cake was eaten by chicken), “odok dibuang ono” (frog thrown over there) Words said at the same time by prefiks still often at the opposite of or do not sort. By keep the clause or network words that was said, this shown that Ica have able to compile the sentence regularly according to storey mean as according to context where and when that expression was said.

At age 2,5 year Ica able to say the suffix at certain words. For example, when her mother close the bookcase that she was opened, Ica say: “Ma, bukai kuncinya, Itu kan susu ica” it means Mom, please open the bookcase because my milk in it. Congeniality at word “bukai” in fact Ica can say the suffix although this word here was influenced by “Bugis Language”. For adult, that word can be say with the word “open”, but adult bugisness even also say that word remain to “bukai”, because it is true this suffix in bugis Ianguage have represented the suffix inserted in each word which wish emphasizing. Despitefully mentioned influence this suffix is designate that Ica idiolect was influenced by surrounding environment. While word 'kan' that sentence “ itu kan susu Ica” indicate that in fact Ica able to say the exclaim words, although just that only spontaneously expression.

            It happened at one day, Ica sleep the day and she wake up at the evening, at that time overcast. When she wake up from bed room, she ask to her mother “where is my father: “Bapa mana mama?”. This sentence usually saying when she wakes up at the morning because of overcast and she estimate that evening was morning so she ask her mother, “where is my father. This sentence expressed because its father wasn’t nearby her. Her mother replies “he is in office”. From conversation between Ica and her mother shown that acquirement and produce the interrogative sentence of Ica have looked pronounceable without thought. This matter shown that such sentence have obtained and easily to product. Other examples dissimilar sentence like this often she was said when she wish something; for example, when she look for its toy, she tell, “Mana Lala Ica” it is means she ask to her brother “where was her Lala doll”.  Those sentences were said by Ica gave Inferential that in fact at age 2,5 year Ica, as a child have earned said the interrogative sentence compactly as according to its age storey growth.

           

B.       Conclusion

After analyzing acquirement of utterance of Ica, start from acquirement and produce the phonologies, morphologies and also syntax such as those which mention above, we can conclude that:

1.      At 2.5 old, the normal children have earned to say the phoneme, and finite word in of its element and existing object about it. Despitefully, some words were said some time still be uncompleted and its utterance still wrong.

2.      At 2,3 old to 2,5 old, words produced have started to increase and start from noun and verb its Vocabulary development have started with the abstraction noun. While noun and verb also increase resulted from imitation characteristic from good acquirement from her friend, sister, and also its parent by consciously and also unconscious.

3.      At 2.5 old, Ica have stringed up the words simply, start from one, two until three word, and finally it become a sentence. Simple sentence were said still the simple sequence and not yet regular. But mean that sentence have earned be under arrest sentences statement, imperative sentence and interrogative sentence can be produced at 2.5 old. From monitoring result with Ica, the sentence have earned produced in the early 2.5 old. Beside words and sentence obtained like utterance above, here earn also concluded that a normal child, will be able to obtain the first Language when nerve and its brain network was not annoyed during a period its growth. Psychological, growth, nutrient and also surroundings have part important in meteoric growth especially in acquirement and produce the language of the child.

4.      In the early acquirement of  language, Ica have the predictability characteristics, then after she was 2 old start to used character of learning through imitation characteristic. And at 2.5 old she has creativity Characteristic in acquirement of language.